Biomechanics of synovial joints musculoskeletal key. Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is prudent to refer to the area as the shoulder complex. Sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. Ppt biomechanics of the shoulder girdle powerpoint. Understand the normal biomechanics of the shoulder. Biomechanics ankle presentation ankle foot free 30. Because the glenohumeral joint is modeled as a ballandsocket joint with 3 rotational dof, the inherent problems of describing 3d rotations such as induced twist are often found in the literature for shoulder. Given the lack of bony restraint to virtually any of the knee motions, the knee joint ligaments are variously credited with resisting or controlling. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Chapter 4 mechanics of the musculoskeletal system tissue loads 69 response of tissues to forces 69 stress 70 strain 70 stiffness and mechanical strength 71 viscoelasticity 72 biomechanics of the passive muscletendon unit mtu 75 biomechanics of bone 76 biomechanics of ligaments 77 three mechanical characteristics of muscle 79. The rotator cuff tendons the long head of biceps tendon bursaearound the shoulder impingement of the above structures on the coracoacromial arch the bony structures of the shoulder the ac joint the muscles around the shoulder 30.
This paper was presented at the 1 st congress of asiapacific knee, arthroscopy and sports medicine society in april. The first section is devoted to injury and clinical biomechanics including overview of the biomechanics of musculoskeletal injury, distraction osteogenesis in mandible, or consequences of drilling. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The loosepacked positions allow for better joint lubrication, less frictional forces on the joint sur faces, and more freedom of movement through combined joint surface spin, roll, and slide. Shoulder anatomy biomechanics pathomechanics independent study lecture duration. Morrey, md, kainan an, phd because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. A thickening of m iddle layer reinforces the axillary pouch. Chapter 6 biomechanics of the shoulder eiji itoi, md, phd, bernard f. Yoga asana instruction often oversimplifies important actions in the shoulder, but since we spend significant time placing weight through the hands and therefore the shoulders in yoga, and its wise. Radio carpal joint proximal articular surface consists of concave surfaces of radius and adjacent radioulnar disc. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama. When standing on one leg, on tiptoe, the joint reactive force is approximately 2. Biomechanics of the shoulder complex look at how the entire shoulder complex moves and start to get a feel for where the restrictions are and where they compensate. Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less.
Biomechanics of the shoulder complex free download as powerpoint presentation. Athletes often incur injuries of the shoulder as they subject the joint to extreme ranges of motion and force, as. Please read the section on basic shoulder anatomy before reading this section. The wrist and hand complex joint structure and function. Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics linkedin slideshare. The glenohumeral joint is the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula, which is the ballandsocket. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Introduction shoulder joint gh joint has more mobility than stability. It discusses bones, ligaments, muscles and other structures that make up the shoulder joint. To effectively rehabilitate a shoulder injury in clinical practice, it is important to have a functional knowledge of the underlying biomechanics of the. C ontrary to the anterior joint capsule, the posterior is quite thin.
Pdf biomechanical basis of common shoulder problems. In mechanics, a couple is a system of forces that results in a moment without a resultant force and creates a. However, most all shoulder kinematics studies model the glenohumeral joint as a ballandsocket joint to negate these differences. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. The shoulder is the most complex joint in the human body, largely because it includes five separate articulations. Whether it is activities of daily living such as walking or highperformance activity in a sporting event, the synovial joint depends on complex interactions.
Identify the correct motion within the plane of the scapula when assessing and treating the shoulder. These changes may affect the biomechanics of the shoulder and alter the shoulder joint inducing loss of power and pain according to the underlaying pathology. The human hand has been characterized as a symbol of power, 1 an extension of intellect, 2 and the seat of the will. Ppt shoulder biomechanics powerpoint presentation free. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular. Beyond these basic functions, activities such as kicking a field goal in football, performing a long jump or a. This study guide for biomechanics was developed from over 20 years of course materials used by thousands of students and multiple instructors to teach biomechanics at 2 universities and 4 campuses. The ankle joint experiences forces during gait that are equal to or greater than the hip and knee joints. Accuracies in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears can reach 100% for fullthickness tears and 91% for partialthickness tears. Human movement is possible due to the unique design and function of the synovial joint. Shoulder biomechanics lecture originally developed by bryan morrison, ph.
Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. Biomechanics of shoulder complex linkedin slideshare. Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the cervical spine. This article will look specifically at the normal biomechanics of the foot and ankle. Although there are some similarities between the joints of the upper and the lower extremities, the upper extremity is more specialized for activities requiring large ranges of motion. Identify abnormal biomechanics of the shoulder and how dysfunction disrupts function at varying stages of motion. This book focuses on experimental praxis and clinical findings. A force couple is defined as two equal but oppositely directed forces acting simultaneously on opposite sides of an axis that generates rotation. In contrast, the lower extremity is well equipped for its functions of weight bearing and locomotion. Biomechanics of the shoulder girdle audio and pdf yoga. Biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications.
The shoulder, being the most mobile joint of the human body, is highly susceptible to injury 1. The human hand may well surpass all body parts but the brain as a topic of universal interest. Jospt janlfeb 1985 biomechanics of the shoulder figure lb the right scapula. A number of impingement categories have been identified including subacromial impingement or external impingement.
The glenohumeral joint itself has to be positioned and stabilised in relation to the trunk by the scapulothoracic joint, which functions by suspension of the scapula from the. There are numerous drawings, photographs, diagrams, tables. Shoulder joint biomechanics, anatomy, kinesiologyby muhammad arslan yasin. Shoulder girdle permits largest rom of any complex in the body shoulder girdle increases rom with less compromise of stability scapulohumeral rhythm 4 joints vs. Muscles that cross the elbow joint are the dynamic stabilizers. The shoulder is commonly evaluated with ultrasonography us, with which various rotator cuff diseases can be effectively diagnosed, including tendinosis, tendon tear, and bursitis 1,2. The structures successfully evaluated by ultrasound include. Anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow sciencedirect. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations.
Balancing mobility and stability, the biomechanics of the shoulder provides optimal use of the thumb and hand. Joint mechanicshundreds of articulations in the human bodymany injuries occur to these joint structuresno two joints are structurally identical 3. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Shoulder biomechanics and exercises medbridge blog. Introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. More than a glenohumeral joint, the shoulder complex consists of four joints and. In this article, we describe the basic knowledge about shoulder biomechanics, which is thought to be useful for shoulder surgeons to perform surgeries, and introduce our recent experiment data and latest biomechanics information. It is important to reevaluate functional mechanics before and after each treatment intervention. Shoulder impingement is a common condition believed to contribute to the development or progression of rotator cuff disease michener et al. Lennard funk the shoulder is potentially one of the most unstable joints of the body, with very little bony stability or containment and has been likened to a golf ball on a golf tee.
They form a single continuous concave structure composed of. Normal biomechanics of the foot and ankle can be divided into static and dynamic components. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics. The shoulder area is infamously known to be one of the most complex regions of the body to evaluate and rehabilitate.
Only sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. There is a fine balance between the mobility to perform athletic activities and stability required to power and stabilise the arm. The anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are the subjects of this article. The glenohumeral joint is the articulation that primarily endows the shoulder with its huge range of movement, but this is achieved by trading off inherent stability.
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